{"id":4182,"date":"2017-03-06T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-07T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/blog\/?p=4182"},"modified":"2020-09-18T13:53:42","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T20:53:42","slug":"how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Write a Summary That Sums It All Up"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>While you may not have <i>written <\/i>many summaries, I bet you\u2019ve actually <i>composed <\/i>a lot of summaries in your day.<\/p>\n<p>Think about it: every time you tell a friend what happened in a movie or what you did on vacation, you\u2019re summarizing. You\u2019re even summarizing when you tell your friend about the professor\u2019s history lecture (that he so conveniently skipped out on).<\/p>\n<p>Writing a summary isn\u2019t much different. The key is to decide the main points or ideas and report them. Leave out all the minor details.<\/p>\n<p>Okay, there&#8217;s a little more to it than that, so here\u2019s how to write a summary that sums it all up.<\/p>\n<h2>The Definition of a Summary<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5103\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5103\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/summaryowl.png\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5103 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/summaryowl.png\" alt=\"how to write a summary\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5103 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20500%20334%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"how to write a summary\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/summaryowl.png\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5103\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Owl&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/48509939@N07\/5927758528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mark Coleman<\/a>, Flickr.com (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>) \/ text added<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A summary is a shortened version of a longer piece of writing that still expresses the same meaning of the original text.<\/p>\n<p>A summary includes all the key points of the original writing (minus all the details). Because you\u2019re leaving out all the details, a summary is <i>much<\/i> shorter than the original text. A summary of a five-page article, for instance, might be summarized in a paragraph or two.<\/p>\n<p>Now that you know the key elements of a good summary, you&#8217;re ready to learn how to write a summary the right way.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Write a Summary That Sums It All Up<\/h2>\n<p>I can sum up summary writing in two sentences:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Be succinct.<\/li>\n<li>Report the main ideas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>That really is the gist of it, but if you want to know the finer details (and I\u2019m assuming you do since you\u2019re reading this post), here\u2019s what you need to know about how to write a good summary.<\/p>\n<h3>Read carefully (and take notes)<\/h3>\n\t<div class=\"blog-cta-simple\">\n\t\t<div class=\"blog-cta-simple-cont\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"blog-cta-simple-header\">Your grades will thank you. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"blog-cta-simple-desc\">Never miss a post. Get free weekly writing help delivered straight to your inbox!<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"blog-cta-simple-input\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"blog-cta-simple-cont-btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"btn btn-warning\" href=\"https:\/\/www.getdrip.com\/forms\/843655814\/submissions\/new\" target=\"_blank\">Yes! Sign me up. <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<p>You can\u2019t write an effective summary if you don\u2019t know what you\u2019re summarizing, so read the piece several times and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/10-note-taking-strategies-to-write-a-better-essay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">take notes<\/a> as you do.<\/p>\n<p>Readers take notes for many reasons, but in this case, you should look specifically for the main ideas of the writing.<\/p>\n<p>Start by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/writing-a-thesis-statement-twitter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">identifying the author&#8217;s thesis<\/a>. This is basically what the entire piece of writing is about and will identify the author\u2019s argument.<\/p>\n<p>Next, look for the key points that support the thesis. These key arguments are often found at the start of each new paragraph. Skim paragraphs to identify the main focus. (Hint: Look for topic sentences.)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Quick Tip: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-good-essay-titles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Don&#8217;t underestimate the title<\/a>. If the title of an article is &#8220;Why the Legal Smoking Age Should Be Raised to 21,\u201d you can bet the writer will outline several ideas to support this claim. These will be the main points you\u2019ll include in your summary.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Don\u2019t rewrite the original<\/h3>\n<p>The goal when writing a summary is to summarize the key points. You\u2019re not trying to rewrite the piece. Remember, be succinct. Don&#8217;t write five sentences when one will do.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tm-tweet-clear\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"tm-click-to-tweet\">\n<div class=\"tm-ctt-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Remember%2C+be+succinct+in+your+summary.+Don%E2%80%99t+write+five+sentences+when+one+will+do.&#038;via=kibin&#038;related=kibin&#038;url=https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" target=\"_blank\">Remember, be succinct in your summary. Don\u2019t write five sentences when one will do.<\/a><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Remember%2C+be+succinct+in+your+summary.+Don%E2%80%99t+write+five+sentences+when+one+will+do.&#038;via=kibin&#038;related=kibin&#038;url=https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"tm-ctt-btn\">Click To Tweet<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tm-ctt-tip\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Here\u2019s what I mean.<\/p>\n<p>If an article focuses on why the legal smoking age should be raised to 21, the author might include the argument that raising the legal age will reduce the number of teen smokers. The author will likely develop this argument by including a discussion with examples and statistics in order to fully support the idea.<\/p>\n<p>When summarizing, you <i>should not <\/i>rewrite the argument and all the key supporting points the author uses.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, you <i>should<\/i> write one or two clear, specific sentences to express the main point and the author\u2019s beliefs and\/or arguments.<\/p>\n<p><b>Remember<\/b>:&nbsp;Your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/writing-for-an-audience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audience<\/a> needs to know what it is that you\u2019re summarizing, so don\u2019t forget to include the author(s) name(s) and the title of the work you\u2019re summarizing at the beginning of your summary.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Quick Tip: <\/b>After you\u2019ve written your summary, look for places to cut words. You might start small by eliminating modifiers: words such as &#8220;really,&#8221; &#8220;extremely,&#8221; or &#8220;very.&#8221; You might also eliminate complete sentences that summarize the smaller details of the writing rather than the main ideas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Need more help with cutting words? Read&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/why-eliminating-wordiness-is-so-important-for-your-essay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Why Eliminating Wordiness Is So Important for Your Essay<\/a> for three simple ways to reduce wordiness.<\/p>\n<h3>Use your own wording and writing style<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/summary-owl-at-computer.jpg\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/summary-owl-at-computer.jpg\" alt=\"how to write a summary\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4769 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20500%20333%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"how to write a summary\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/summary-owl-at-computer.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Writing a summary doesn\u2019t mean that you re-arrange the words in someone\u2019s writing and call it your own. It also doesn\u2019t mean that you \u201cborrow\u201d the phrases and sentence structure of someone else.<\/p>\n<p>What writing a summary <i>does<\/i> mean is that you use your own word choices and writing style to identify the main points of the text.<\/p>\n<p>Here are two examples:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>If a source uses the phrase \u201cmade a determination,\u201d you might simply rewrite the phrase in your own wording and write \u201cdecide.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>If a source uses wording like \u201cmeddlesome parental figures,\u201d you might reword this into something more common, such as \u201cnosy parents.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote><p><b>Quick Tip:<\/b> When summarizing, read a section, then put the text aside. If you don\u2019t look directly at the original source when you write, you\u2019ll be able to write using your own word choices and writing style.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Keep your opinion out of it<\/h3>\n<p>Even if you completely disagree with a piece of writing, a summary isn\u2019t the place to include your opinion.&nbsp;A summary must be objective\u2014it must be free from your own opinion and bias.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tm-tweet-clear\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"tm-click-to-tweet\">\n<div class=\"tm-ctt-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=A+summary+must+be+objective%3B+it+must+be+free+from+your+own+opinion+and+bias.&#038;via=kibin&#038;related=kibin&#038;url=https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" target=\"_blank\">A summary must be objective; it must be free from your own opinion and bias.<\/a><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=A+summary+must+be+objective%3B+it+must+be+free+from+your+own+opinion+and+bias.&#038;via=kibin&#038;related=kibin&#038;url=https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"tm-ctt-btn\">Click To Tweet<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tm-ctt-tip\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The goal is to express the author\u2019s key ideas, not express your own.<\/p>\n<p>Take a look at the beginning of this summary that includes personal opinion:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Kay Ruiz\u2019s article \u201cShould We Allow Advertising in Our Children\u2019s Schools?\u201d focuses on the amount of advertising proliferating high schools in the United States. She <b>does a great job <\/b>highlighting the fact that high schools shouldn\u2019t allow advertising, and <b>it\u2019s easy to see why <\/b>parents shouldn\u2019t allow corporations to influence teens on school campuses<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The phrase \u201cdoes a great job\u201d indicates that you feel the author\u2019s arguments are effective. The phrase \u201cit\u2019s easy to see why\u201d also indicates that you agree with the author.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Remember:<\/strong> Keep opinions and value judgments out of your summary.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Here\u2019s what a revision might look like. Notice that it remains objective.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Kay Ruiz\u2019s article \u201cShould We Allow Advertising in Our Children\u2019s Schools?\u201d focuses on the amount of advertising proliferating high schools in the United States. She argues that high schools shouldn\u2019t allow advertising and that parents shouldn\u2019t allow corporations to influence teens on school campuses.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Putting It All Together<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4768\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4768\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Summary-owls-together.jpg\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Summary-owls-together.jpg\" alt=\"how to write a summary\" width=\"500\" height=\"339\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4768 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20500%20339%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"how to write a summary\" width=\"500\" height=\"339\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Summary-owls-together.jpg\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;spotted owl chicks&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usfwshq\/6862199873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tom Kogutus\/USFWS<\/a>, Flickr.com (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Now that you know how to write a summary, and after you\u2019ve formulated your ideas, of course, you&#8217;re ready to write your summary\u2014well, almost.<\/p>\n<p>You\u2019ll still need to connect your ideas. To do this, use transitions. Without them, your summary will read like a list of random statements rather than a cohesive summary.&nbsp;Not sure which transition to use? Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/97-transition-words-essays-need-know\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">97 Transition Words for Essays You Need to Know.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>You might also want to read&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-revise-an-essay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Revise an Essay and Make It Better Than Ever<\/a>&nbsp;when you&#8217;re tackling revisions.&nbsp;Your first draft should never be your last!<\/p>\n<p>Still not sure what a complete summary should look like? Check out these examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/resource\/563\/03\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sample Essay for Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallaudet.edu\/tip\/english-center\/writing\/abstracts-and-summaries\/sample-of-a-news-article-summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sample of a News Article Summary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-examples\/book-article-summary\">Example summary essays written by other students<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Need to summarize an entire article? Read&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-summarize-an-article-the-smart-way\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to Summarize an Article the Smart Way<\/a>. You just might gain some extra insight on how to write a summary more effectively.<\/p>\n<p>Have a summary already written but not sure it makes the grade? Let a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-editing-proofreading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kibin editor<\/a> help!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While you may not have written many summaries, I bet you\u2019ve actually composed a lot of summaries in your day. Think about it: every time you tell a friend what happened in a movie or what you did on vacation, you\u2019re summarizing. You\u2019re even summarizing when you tell your friend about the professor\u2019s history lecture &hellip; <\/p>\n<div class=\"blog-read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" class=\"more-link btn btn-primary\"><b>Read more<\/b><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;How to Write a Summary That Sums It All Up&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":8162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[117],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Write a Summary That Sums It All Up<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Struggling with the details of a summary? Discover why the details need to go, and learn the essential elements of how to write a summary that works.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Write a Summary That Sums It All Up\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Struggling with the details of a summary? Discover why the details need to go, and learn the essential elements of how to write a summary that works.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/how-to-write-a-summary-that-sums-it-all-up\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kibin Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-07T01:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-18T20:53:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kibin.com\/essay-writing-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/howtowriteasummary.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"355\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Susan M. Inez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Susan M. 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